There are no thin summer markets – just an overload of improbable factors to process. How can you value the price of a stock market when the basis behind it – the economy, its financial system and its society - is under intolerable stress?

When markets are hitting record highs is the time to be cautious, and ask why? US Stocks and Bonds are at record levels, despite the current uncertainties and policy instability. What’s driving it is a mix of themes, including market evolution. But also a market potentially complacent about approaching threats.

The market is full of noise, but the facts are more important. The data suggests slowdown is coming. The noise is getting louder as doubts around spending, bonds, inflation and economic slowdown mount. And to cap it all, a fight between Elon Musk and Donald Trump could massively destabilise US Politics.

The fact the US is almost certain to be plunged into a unresolvable recession by the summer, doesn’t mean Trump will be pressured into recanting his economic heresies. Maga voters look likely to double down on him! Meaning an even deeper problems for US firms trying to retain the illusion of their current inflated valuations.

This week will be about Jay Powell – how will Trump deal with the resolute Fed chairman? Experience suggests badly. As the effects of tariffs on the US economy begin to bite, and the weakness of Trump’s negotiating positions become increasing clear.. fewer and fewer folk will be talking about buying-the-dip.

Global Trade is enormously complex. Trump has put 104% tariffs on China – which will directly impact US consumers. Shutting the door on global trade will inevitably trigger consequences. The biggest risk is to the bond market – and a stressed Treasury market when the US has $15 trillion to refinance in next 20 months is a really, really bad idea.

In times of financial stress, the market tends to take on a momentum all of its own. We may be in for further shocks, instabilities and dreadful No-See-Ums as investors try to discern what comes next following Trump’s tariffs. Interesting times to come…

Nothing beats teaching the next generation of financiers. I had that honour yesterday at Heriot-Watt’s Edinburgh Business School Yesterday where we discussed Markets, Politics and Economics. There were some great questions from my post-grad students – and one: “Is this a correction and should we buy the dip”, is good example of how much has really changed. The answer is – No.

Politics was an overarching theme in 2024 – and, regrettably, will remain so in 2025 as global investors figure out likely policy action by central banks and the growth outlook for 2025. “This time it’s different” (TTID) and FOMO remain the most malign forces acting on asset prices, but is a new full blown European Sov Debt Crisis also on the cards?

Scott Bessent’s nomination as US Treasury Secretary has been welcomed by markets. The expectation is he will use Trump’s rhetoric to negotiate more optimal outcomes. However, the World is changing – not just in terms of China and other nations emerging as challengers in a new global economy, but also in terms of how Trump could reset America domestically.